Bar linkage for voltage compensated phase shifter



Jan. 23, 1962 s. E. zocHoLL BAR LINKAGE FOR VOLTAGE COMPENSATED PHASE SHIFTER Filed Oct. 29, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet l mu E Jan. 23, 1962 s. E. zocHoLL BAR LINKAGE FOR VOLTAGE COMPENSATED PHASE SHIFTER Filed OOL, 29, 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 mu? l..

Jan. 23, 1962 s. E. zocHoLL BAR LINKAGE FOR VOLTAGE COMPENSATED PHASE.' SHIFTER Filed OCb. 29, 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 JT/VLNEVYE BY Ml M,

WIHUINM United States Patent() 3,018,434 BAR LIN KAGE FOR VOLTAGE COMPENSATED PHASE SHIFIER Stanley E. Zoch-oli, Philadelphia, Pa., assigner to I-T-E Circuit Breaker Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Oct. 29, 1957, Ser. No. 693,063

3 Claims. (Cl. 323-120) y My invention relates to automatic voltage regulation means for phase shifters and is more particularly directed to a novel linkage whereby the voltage magnitude remains constant, regardless of the degree of phase shift.

In many circuit applications as for example, the portion of a network analyzer which simulates the generator or voltage source for the network, it is necessary to alter the phaseangle of a single phase voltage and perform this function without a resulting variation in the magnitude of the voltage.

One means of phase shifting is achieved by a device known as an induction type phase shifter wherein three phase voltage is applied to a three phase wound stator. The variations of the vector angle of the single phase voltage output of the rotor is obtained by changing the relative position of the rotor with respect to the stator assembly.

A second means of phase shifing, to which my invention is particularly adaptable, embodies a continuously variable-ratio autotransformer wherein the transformer is energized by one phase of the voltage source. The phase shifted voltage output consists of a single phase voltage which isobtained between one conductor of the three phase source and a movable contact making brush of the autotransformer.

Although this continuously variable-ratio autotransformer has recently found wide application as a phase shifter it has limitations in many applications in that the magnitude of voltage does not remain constant for various phase shift angles. Thus, vfor example, if the voltage is of unity magnitude and phase shift a subsequent change to 30 phase shift will result in a decrease of the voltage to 0.866 of unity.

In copending application Serial No. 433,098 filed May 28, 1954 now U.S. Patent 2,864,994 issued December 16, 1958 entitled Phase Shifter with Automatic Voltage Compensation to E. B. Phillips there is disclosed an arrangement whereby the output voltage magnitude is mamtained constant regardless of the voltage phase shift. This is accomplished by `means of a linkage which kincludescam and follower means.

The instant invention accomplishes the electrical functions of the aforesaid U.S. Patent 2,864,994 by means of a simple two bar linkage which mechanically intern relates a phase shifter variable-ratio autotransformer with a voltage compensating variable-ratio autotransformer without the necessity of cam or follower means. My novel linkage provides a construction which is inexpensive, is readily adjustable, and requires a minimum of s ace.

pAccordingly, a primary object of my invention is to provide a novel voltage phase shifting device wherein the magnitude of voltage will remain constant irrespective of the degree of phase shift. p

Still another object of my invention is the provision of continuously variable-ratio autotransformers which are electrically and mechanically inter-related wherein means automatically compensate variations in the voltage magnitude.

Still another obiect of my invention is to provide an electrical phase shifter which controls an automatic voltage compensating unit so that the magnitude of output voltage will be independent of the degree of phase shift.

l ice A further object of my invention is to provide a two bar linkage which is less expensive, is more readily adjustable, and requires less space than means heretofore used to interconnect a pair of autotransformers so as to obtain a constant magnitude of output voltage for varying degrees of phase shift.

A still further object is to provide a linkage to mechanically coordinate two variable-ratio autotransformers such that the phase shifted voltage output therefrom remains at a constant value. This constant value may be above or below the phase voltage feeding the system as determined by the linkage construction thereby eliminating the need for a step-up or step-down transformer or other separate means for varying the magnitude of an A.C. voltage.

These as well as other objects of my invention will be-I come apparent after reading the following description of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURE l is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of my invention illustrating the electrical interconnection between the phase shift and voltage compensating autotransformers.

\ obtaining the sizes and locations of the linkage compo- FIGURE 2 is a side elevation of my two bar linkage which alters and transmits rotational movement of the phase shifter to the voltage compensating transformer.

FIGURE 3 is a plan view of the linkage of FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 4 is a side elevation illustrating a modification of my two bar linkage whereby the motion defined by the slot of FIGURE 2 is transferred by means of another bar of arbitrary length so that the distance between the autotransformer shafts can be varied within a reasonable range for convenience of mounting.

yFIGURE. 5 is a vector diagram illustrating the magnitude and phase relationship of the source voltage.

FIGURES 6:16c illustrate the magnitude and phase shift of the phase shift auto-transformer prior to the compensation stage.

FIGURE 7 is a vector diagram illustrating the magnitude and phase angle of the voltages existing in the phase shift circuit and also illustrates the varying degrees of voltage compensation which is necessary to maintain the output voltage magnitude constant for all degrees of phase shift. i

. FIGURE 8 is a schematic representation of the two bar linkage illustrated in FIGURES 2 and 3.

n FIGURE 9 is a graph illustrating a comparison between a typical graphic solution and a theoretical solution in nents.

Referring now to FIGURE 1, the circuit is energized from a balanced three phase voltage source 10 through a rotary zone switch 11 to the three lines A, B and C.

l Thus, as illustrated in FIGURES 5 and 7 the voltages VA B, V310 and VCA are of equal magnitude and 120 from each other. It is an object of my invention to main tain the output voltage at terminals A and E constant in magnitude as the phase angle thereof is shifted.

To this end, I provide an automatic compensating variable-ratio auto-transformer 13. The phase shift autotransformer 12 is comprised of the winding 14 and a brush 15 which is in sliding engagement with the winding 14 'and fixed to voltage compensating transformer 13 at terminal D. By moving the brush 15 in a vertical plane the angle of the voltage V A D can be varied through 60 with respect to voltage VA B. Thus, for example when the brush 15 is positioned at tap B the voltage VA D will be equal in magnitude and have the same angle as the voltage VA B, as seen in FIGURE 6a. In like manner, when the brush 15 is positioned at tap C the voltage VAD will have the same magnitude and phase angle as the voltage VA C as seen in FIGURE 6b.

When the brush 15 of transformer 12 is positioned to rest on the tap of its winding 14 to which phase B is connected, the voltage VA D is equal in magnitude and phase angle to the Voltage VAB of the source. When the brush 1S is positioned to rest on the tap of its winding 14 which is connected to phase C of the source, the voltage VA D is equal in magnitude and phase angle to the voltage VAC. However, as seen in the vector diagram of vFIGURE 6c that the voltage VAD has traveled through 60 electrical degrees when the brush 15 of transformer 12 has traveled from tap B to tap C. For all positions of the brush 15 along winding 14 the tip of the voltage VAD travels along line 90 connecting the tips of VAB and VAC. As clearly seen in the vectorial diagram o-f FIGURE 6c and FIGURE 7 the magnitude of the voltage VA D when the brush 15 is in a center position, thereby shifting the voltage VA D 30 from the voltage VA B, will be decreased yto 0.866 of its original magnitude.

With my novel arrangement I am able to compensate for this decrease in voltage, so that the output voltage will have a magnitude which is constant regardless of the degree of phase shift. This is achieved by means of the variable-ratio autotransformer 13. The voltage compensating autotransformer 13 is similar in construction to the phase shift autotransformer 12 and is provided with a winding 17 and a brush 18 in sliding engagement therewith. One tap D of compensating transformer 13 is connected to brush =15 while another tap is connected to output terminal A.

Vector diagram 6c has been redrawn in FIGURE 7 with the phase voltage VAB designated V and the output voltage VAD designated VP. The arc shown describes the path of the desired constant magnitude output voltage V which may Ibe any value between 0.866 V and V. Vc is the voltage difference between VO and VP. The factor (x) is an arbitrary value between zero and 0.134. That is, when V0=V and the phase angle of the VO is Vat zero degrees Vc=V(l-0.866)=0.l34V. The factor (x) can be chosen to be 0.134 in which case VP must be increased by the variable voltage Vc at all values of phase angle except -30 and +30. When (x) is zero, VP must be decreased by the variable voltage Vc at all values of phase angle except 0.

In the following design computations (x) is chosen to give an equal mechanical throw above and below tap D of winding 17 of the compensating transformer 13. The following design equations are `based on continuously variable ratio autotransformers having a 320 mechanical throw and taps l36.l from the midpoint of the throw. ',Ihes'e conditions are convenient, but not mandatory to the principle to be illustrated.

The electrical phase angle o is measured for convenience from the center of winding 14, which is 136.l5 mechanical degrees from either tap BC of winding 14. This angle o is shown on FIGURE 7. The voltage Vp in terms of the source voltage V is then .866V cos o (l) The increment of voltage Vc required to bring VP to the required constant magnitude is then Vc: VO- VD (cos ql) V.- Vlam- (608 qs) w] 2) The voltage VBD indicated in the vector diagram FIGURE 7 is seen to be the voltage drop along winding 14 from phase B to brush 15. Since VBD equals .866V

tangent o the mechanical angle 0 of the transformer 12 is 'then obtained from the equation.

The mechanical angle of compensating transformer 13 is measured for convenience from the tap D. Plus angles, indicated as angles above tap D, .add amp-turns to the portion AD of Winding 17 and mlnus angles 1ndicated as angles below D, subtract amp-turns from portion AD. Therefore,

Substituting Equations 1 and 2 in Equation 5 gives:

Therefore Then as a function of 6 to give constant magnitude to the output voltage is:

This function can be obtained with a simple two bar linkage (FIGURES 2 and 3) with a linear slot to conne the center pin.

One end of link 50 is pivotally secured at pm 51 to one end of link 52. The other ends of links 50, 52 are pivotally connected at pins 57, 58 to cranks 53, 54 respectively which in turn are keyed to shafts 55, 56 respectively of autotransformers 13, 12. Brushes 15 and 18 are secured, in a conventional manner, to shafts 56, 55 re-1 spectively in order to vary the voltage outputs of autotransformers 13, 12 as shafts 55, 56 are rotated.

Plate 60 includes clearance openings for shafts 55, 56

as well as guide slot 61 for journaling. The moverne'ntF of pin 51 which connects links 50 and 52. Linkages50, 52 are so proportioned that slot 61 becomes a straight line slot as opposed to a curved slot.

Slot 61 is positioned on a line passing through point 62, which is midway between taps B and C of autotrans former winding 14, and the center of shaft S6; This arrangement assures that for both extreme positions 63 and I64 of crank 54, crank 53, hence brush 18 of autotransformer 13, will be at the same extreme angular' position 63. When crank 54 is in the mid-position 62 between positions 63 and 64, crank 53 is at its other eXtreme position 62. Thus as shaft 56 is rotated, manu-l allyY or by suitable power means, shaft. 57 will be rotated nonlinearly through the two-bar linkage in the pl'Opelrelationship to maintain V0 at a constant magnitude.

The coordinated rotation of shafts 55, S6 dictated byI shows links,50 and`52 connected to link 67 `at pins 68,.`

69 respectively. YPlate 70 is provided with clearance holes for autotransformer shafts 55, 56. Parallel guide slots '71, 72 are cut through plate 70 for the journaling of pins 68, v69 so that the rotation of shafts 55, 56 will be mechanically coordinated in the relationship set forthV in Equation 9 vthereby maintaining the magnitude of Vo constant for varying phase angles thereof.

-The two bar linkage 60 of FIGUREZ is schematically illustrated in FIGURE 8 together with the equation symbols necessary to derive the linkage 60 which will provide constant voltage with a changing phase shift.

Points P and C represent the centers, designated 56 and 55 respectively in FIGURE 2, of the autotransformers 12 and 13 respectively. A and B represent the distances locating point C with respect to point P. L is the length of slot 61. R and r are the lengths of the arms attached to the shafts of autotransformers 12 and 13 respectively. In FIGURE 2 arms R and r were designated 54 and 53 respectively. D and d, designated 52 and 50 respectively in FIGURE 2, are the lengths of the links. 0 is the mechanical angle, thru which arm R rotates from the center line of autotransformer 12 as shown. +0 is measured in the clockwise direction while -0 is measured in the counterclockwise direction. 6' is the angle thru which the arm r rotates measured from M in the clockwise direction. qs is a constant angle which locates M the initial position of r. N locates the position of r when is at its maximum value. is seen to equal The linkage of FIGURE 8 must give values of which agree with Equation 9. In order to agree with the above definition of the coordinates of the equation 9 must be shifted as follows:

Defining the point x1, y1 on the slot and a corresponding point x2, y2 on the arc MN from point P as an origin, gives the following equations:

Equating Equations 9a and 12 results in the following The values of A, B, R, r, D and d must be proportioned so that the identity 13 holds acceptably for all values of 0.

A, B and R may be considered limited by the space available in a particular design. Since v of Equation ll cannot be imaginary D must begreater than R.

When the value of R is assigned, the slot length L and the length of r is determined. For the autotransformer design resulting in Equation 9a.

In order that values repeat for values of +6 and o max H 2 Because identity 13 necessitates the use of a trial and error procedure it is practical to design the linkage graphically obtaining values of for corresponding values of 0 from Equation 9a. The curve of FIGURE 9 shows `the result of a typical graphic solution compared to the theoretical results of Equation 9a.

Thus, I have provided a simple two bar linkage construction for mechanically coordinating two variableratio autotransformers such that their combined voltage output remains constant in magnitude regardless of its phase angle.

In the foregoing, I have described my invention only in connection with preferred embodiments thereof. Many variations and modifications of the principles of my invention Within the scope of the description herein are obvious. Accordingly, I prefer to be bound not by the specific disclosure herein but only by the appending claims.

I claim:

l. An electrical phase shift circuit having an input circuit and an output circuit, said input circuit being energized from a three phase voltage source, said electrical phase shift circuit being comprised of a phase shift trans-y former and a voltage compensating transformer, one phase of said three phase source energizing the primary winding of said phase shift transformer, said voltage compensating transformer energized by a second phase of said three phase source yand by the secondary winding of sa-id phase shift transformer, means to `transmit non-linear motion to said voltage compensating transformer from said phase shift transformer, said means maintaining the magnitude of voltage at said output at a constant magnitude for all degrees of phase shift; said means comprising a plurality of links and movable pivots operatively connecting said plurality of links together; means for journaling the movement of said pivots comprising a straight slot for each of said movable pivots.

2. An electrical phase shift circuit having an inputcircuit and an output circuit, said input circuit being energized from a three phase Voltage source, said electrical phase shift circuit being comprised of a phase shift transformer and n a voltage compensating Itransformer, one

phase of said three phase source energizing the primaryr Winding of said phase shift transformer, said voltage compensating transformer energized by a second phase of said three phase source and by the secondary winding of said phase shift transformer, means to transmit non-linear motion to said voltage compensating transformer from said phase shift transformer, said means maintaining the magnitude of voltage at said output ata constant magnitude for all degrees of phase shift, said means comprising a two-bar linkage.

3. An electrical phase shift circuit having an input circuit and an output circuit, said input circuit being energized from a three phase voltage source, said electrical phase shift circuit being comprised of a phase shift transformer and a voltage compensating transformer, one phase of said three phase source energizing the primary winding of said phase shift transformer, said voltage compensating transformer energized by a second phase of said three phase source and by the secondary winding of said phase shift transformer, means to transmit non-linear motion to said voltage compensating transformer from said phase shift transformer, said means maintaining the magnitude of voltage at said output at a constant magnitude for all degrees of phase shift; -said compensating and phase shift transformers both being auto-transformers comprising a winding, a brush, a shaft; said brush being operatively secured to said shaft for rotation thereby and operatively positioned in engagement with said winding; a tirstcrank secured to the shaft of said phase shift transformer and a second crank secured'to the shaft of said compensating transformer; a first and a second link pivotally secured to said first and second cranks respectively, said rst and second cranks being plivotally connected to each other at a movable pivot point; means for conning the movement of said pivot point so that the shaft of said compensating transformer will oscillate as the shaft of said phase shift transformer is continuously rotated.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

